Evolutionary theory debunked

[RuudVanNistelrooy]

[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji']An average protein is made up of a chain of circa 300 amino acids15 So the number of possible combinations of the 20 different amino acids in an average protein is:[/font][/color]

[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'][color=oklch(0.21 0.034 264.665)]20300=2.037×10390 ≈ 10390[/color][/font][/color]

[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji']A minority of these possible combinations of amino acids result in a functional protein,16 and suboptimal protein sequences may exist that are not currently observed but are capable of performing a relevant function long enough for natural selection to choose more optimal sequences.[/font][/color]
[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji']If there were one million billion possible functional sequences (that’s one thousand trillion or 1015), the probability of randomly obtaining a functional sequence is then:[/font][/color]

[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji'][/font][/color]

[color=oklch(0.373 0.034 259.733)][font=Inter, 'Inter Fallback: BlinkMacSystemFont', 'Inter Fallback: Segoe UI', 'Inter Fallback: Helvetica Neue', 'Inter Fallback: Arial', 'Inter Fallback: Noto Sans', 'Inter fallback', ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol', 'Noto Color Emoji']This is a one in a number followed by 375 zeros chance! This is beyond improbable, and yet we are only considering the probability of constructing [color=oklch(0.21 0.034 264.665)]one[/color] protein by chance.[/font][/color]