Evolutionary theory debunked

[RuudVanNistelrooy]

The origin of life?

Being a chemist, it was almost inevitable that Royal should examine origin of life (OoL) publications. He read hundreds of chemical publications that tried to explain the OoL and concluded that “all were nothing but wishful thinking.”
For example, thousands of complex proteins are needed for cells to work. However, not one of even the simplest proteins could be created naturally. Some of the problems he noted are:

1. Racemization. Nearly all the amino acids that make up proteins come in two forms, Levo (L) and Dextro (D), that are mirror images of each other like your left and right hands respectively. Only left-handed amino acids (L) make functional proteins. But they readily turn into each other, so even if you start off with pure L forms, they naturally move towards 50:50 quantities of L and D amino acids. This is called racemization. Not only do individual amino acids racemize, this happens even faster if they bond together to form proteins! Dr Truman showed that this happens so quickly under realistic conditions (temperature and pH) as to stop the formation of any functional proteins.3
   
2. Side-chain reactions. To make functional proteins, amino acids must be joined together in the correct manner. But without the help of enzymes (which are themselves cell proteins), many will join in the wrong way.
   
3. Reactions with other chemicals. This includes dozens of unsuitable kinds of amino acids, all the amines, all the carboxylic acids, all the alcohols, and all aldehydes. These would have dominated a hypothetical early earth. You simply cannot get the life-necessary chemicals without the ones that will interfere with the chemistry of life.
   
4. Wrong proportions of biologically relevant amino acids. The latest research reveals that of the 20 amino acids needed for life, between 99%–99.9% produced in realistically natural processes would have been only glycine, the simplest and biologically least important amino acid.
   
5. Obtaining long chains in water. Any experiments that join some amino acids together must remove water that is generated by the reaction, because the water hinders the joining from continuing. None having 10 or more amino acids would form in water; too short to be functional.
   

Dr Truman commented,

“If simply obtaining a long, linear random amino acid polymer (i.e., a ‘protein’) isn’t possible, how in the world were thousands of different proteins, each having the correct sequence of amino acids, supposed to have arisen? Natural selection can’t operate until you already have something that makes copies of itself.”